Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice Essay

The most common type of diabetes is Type II diabetes mellitus which occurs in more that 90% of the cases of diabetes reported (Thomas, 2013). Type I diabetes is not as common  and is caused by destruction of the islet of Langerhans due to susceptibility of an autoimmune destruction leading to a reduced amount of insulin produced and glucose intolerance (Feinglos,2008). Type I diabetes is mostly diagnosed in children and young adults. Unlike diabetes type  I, Type II diabetes mellitus is mostly diagnosed in older people and is caused by unhealthy lifestyles (Thomas, 2013). Type II diabetes is characterized by production of insulin which does not perform its function. It in turn leads to a situation referred to as insulin resistance. The patients will suffer from low levels of insulin which functions as   a component  for the regulation of body sugar (Feinglos, 2008). The number of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is normal or somewhat reduced. It is mostly characterized by hyperglycemia that is associated with the insufficient or dysfunctional insulin present in the body (Thomas, 2013). Abnormal coagulation, hypertension and diabetic dyslipidemia are also commonly reported to signify the occurrence of type II diabetes mellitus. The increased number of obesity cases has seen the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type II in teenagers and young adults (Feinglos, 2008). In cases when the patient is not obese, there is a presence of high fat distribution in the body (Feinglos, 2008). People suffering from Type II diabetes mellitus, unlike type I diabetes, do not need regular injections of insulin (Thomas, 2013). The management of type II diabetes involves the control of the increased levels of blood sugar. It is, however, important to note that the reduction of the sugar levels should not surpass the normal blood sugar levels. Because most of the patients are overweight, exercise, a proper balanced diet and reduction of weight is fundamental in the management of type II diabetes mellitus (Feinglos, 2008). Pioglitazone                  Pioglitazone is a drug belonging to a class of thiazolidinediones and is used in the management and of type II diabetes mellitus (Schatz, 2000). Since the body is unable to control the increasing levels of sugar in the blood, pioglitazone is used to increase the sensitivity to insulin (Feinglos, 2008). The drug, however, does not cure the diabetes mellitus but only helps the body in maintaining  normal  blood sugar levels. It is an oral formulation and can be taken twice daily with or without taking meals (Schatz, 2000). It is able to achieve this by inhibiting the hepatic gluconeogenesis process and also increase peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake which implies that there is a minimal occurrence of increased blood sugar levels (Feinglos, 2008). It effects can be seen in the short term and also in the long-term (Schatz, 2000). The use of pioglitazone can be done according to the doctor’s prescription. It also important to inform the docto r before stopping the use or if any complications arise while using pioglitazone.The development of pioglitazone is based on the discovery of gene SOCS3 (Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3) (Schatz, 2000). The elevation of the gene causes interferon resistance that in turn causes insulin resistance in the liver. Depletion of this gene has been made possible by pioglitazone which results in the reduced insulin resistance in the liver although it may cause systemic insulin resistance (Schatz, 2000). The suppression of gene SOCS3 by pioglitazone gives it the antiglycemic and ant diabetic property hence it has bee used in the management of the two cases. References Thomas, M. (2013).  Understanding type 2 diabetes: Fewer highs fewer lows better health. Wollombi, N.S.W: Exisle Publishing. Feinglos, M. N., & Bethel, M. A. (2008).  Type 2 diabetes mellitus: An evidence-based approach to practical management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. Schatz, H. (2000).  Pioglitazone: From discovery to clinical practice. Heidelberg: Barth Source document

“Erin Brockovich”: Effective Communication Essay

Competent Erin Brockovich’s Characteristics The main character in the movie Erin Brockovich is an easy going woman who seems tobe very competent in communication. This paper will discuss three characteristics that a competent communicator, such as Erin Brockovich possesses. I will also explain specific scenes where she demonstrated the following characteristics: self-monitoring, empathy, and commitment; commonly known as denominators that characterize effective communication. The first characteristic Erin displayed was empathy in relationships with her clients. In one scene, Erin met with a cancer suffering child and her family. A young girl named Anna, was suffering from alopecia and wearing a bandana. She had lost her hair from the cancer treatments she had received. Erin’s eyes reflected painful sadness even as she smiled and laughed with Anna. At the end of their conversation, Erin’s genuine concern for Anna left her speechless. Erin’s attitude displayed empathy, which involves feeling and experiencing another person’s situation almost as they do. It is the most important aspect of non-verbal communication competence. The second characteristic Erin showed was her intense commitment for the people ofHinkley. This characteristic was revealed during the scene placed at the Jensen’s residence. Erin sat on the end of the bed with Donna Jensen, the woman that was suffering from uterine cancer. Erin’s eyes filled with tears as Donna tells Erin that her cancer turned malignant, which is the fast spreading form of cancer. Donna’s eyes began to pour due to her fear and hatred she felt toward PG&E. Donna said, â€Å"We are going to get them aren’t we?† Erin replied, â€Å"Yes.† Erin’s willingness to listen and the desire to spend time with her proved her commitment to her. The third characteristic Erin portrays is self-monitoring. This was shown at Ed Masry’slaw office. Erin stood face to face with Ed. In a demanding tone of voice she said, â€Å"I need apaycheck!† Erin’s face turned a shade of red in anger. Her eyes began narrowing as she stared inhis eyes. Erin said, â€Å"I’m smart, hardworking, and I’m not leaving here without a job!† She waspersistent and determined to get the job. Erin’s eyes looked around the room only to notice theskepticism of Ed’s employees. Erin’s shoulders began  to droop and her guilty eyes driftedtowards the floor. She became aware of her behavior and the impression she had given. Sheknew she made a fool of herself. In a whisper Erin said, â€Å"Don’t make me beg.† She then said, â€Å"Ifit doesn’t work out, fire me.† Erin was able to change her behavior when she recognized thingswasn’t looking positive. Erin’s overall communication efforts displayed in her character was unique as well as knowledgeable. Self-monitoring, empathy, and commitment that were explained in this paper were shown with distinction. The communication techniques were useful and helpful to prove her drive for satisfaction and completion for the people in the town Hinkley.

Battering is a Momentary Loss of Temper

Battering is a form of domestic violence, which involves physical actions aimed at instilling pain, harm the body or to propagate a feeling of intimidation to a partner so that one can get and maintain full control over the victim (Prakashan, 2001). Battering as an abusive behavior has a long trailing history in the global society and its awareness, legislation and perception varies from one country to the other. Several myths have been conceived with a purpose of explaining the main causes of battering.It is in this interest therefore that this paper is written. It seeks to refute the proposed myth that battering is a momentarily loss of temper. Reliable information from the American Medical Association has shown that domestic violence is not an instantaneous thing but a process, which is cultivated by various factors and in most cases over a certain period of time (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2009). The same point is underscored by the Surgeon General of the Unite d States report.True to the word, victims of battering have been subjected to this traumatizing experience over time. Momentarily loss of temper is, in my opinion dictates for occasional incidences of this abusive behavior, which is undoubtedly inhumane. The fact that battering is aimed at gaining and maintaining control over their partners as well as revenging or punishment for betrayals or mistakes done by the victim need to be appreciated right at the beginning of this discussion otherwise the rest of its content might not make the intended impact to the reader (Baskerville, 2006).Based on this fact and judging by the principles of reason one can see the possibility of a long and well planed battering incidence. For instance, unfaithfulness is a major drawback to the family but many a times, one of the partners may fail to have enough evidence on the same and therefore he or she has no ground for divorce (Prakashan, 2001). The problem becomes worse if their intimacy overcomes the ir desire to separate. This can amount to a feeling of betrayal, unhappiness and aggressiveness which as human beings, can accumulate to uncontrollable levels resulting to battering.Various studies have it that most women are more venerable to battering than men. This is evident in the physical strength of men as compared to women (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2009). To avoid being branded a feminist, the author of this paper finds it necessary to mention that men are also victims of domestic violence mostly in forms of verbal and emotional abuse. As a matter of fact, physical abuse like battering is the highest order of family violence beyond which severe injuries or even death can occur (Buzawa, & Buzawa, 2003).Domestic violence starts in the least form like altering abusive words. If the problem is left unsolved, it propagates and instills emotional instabilities like depression, keeping victims isolated from friends and family members. Still if this is left unat tended, it will accumulate to levels which can amount to physical violence which is battering for this matter. In conclusion therefore, the above discussion dismisses the proposed myth that Battering is a momentary loss of temper.It underscores the fact that battering is a form of domestic violence which results from unattended simple forms of domestic violence like verbal and emotional abuse. It is indeed an inhuman act, but it is very common and hence it is the responsibility of any couples to address their differences in a more human manner. Simple forms of domestic violence should not be left unresolved otherwise they can amount to battering. References Baskerville, S. (2006). Family Violence in America: The Truth about Domestic Violence and Children Abuse.Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. acfc. org/site/DocServer/familyviolence. pdf? docID=641 Buzawa, C. , & Buzawa, E. (2003). Domestic Violence: The Criminal Justice Response. California: sage Publications National Coa lition Against Domestic Violence. (2009). Domestic Violence Facts. Retrieved August 11, 2010, from http://www. ncadv. org/files/DomesticViolenceFactSheet(National). pdf Prakashan, P. (2001). Battered Women: A Study of Domestic Violence. Michigan: The University of Michigan.

Operation Management Bachelor Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Operation Management Bachelor - Case Study Example The role of the total quality management should be emphasised as an important strategy for the London Zoo to increase the number of visitors. Another unique and contributing factor for the Zoo can be the improvement in the service management in order to meet the specific needs of the customers. While keeping in view the case of London Zoo the organization is advised to use innovation as an approach to compete. Since the last few decades the concept of tourists' destination has been transformed from merely entertaining sites to highly automate and managed business organizations competing in the tourism industry. There are many pros and cons of the trend. There are many factors that create a global environment for the sector, such as efficient and low cost of services, efficient logistics from production to the counter, new and changing visitors' patterns etc. All these developments are supported by the penetration of information and communication technologies (ICT) across the entire business chain from plan to services, logistics, sales, branding, and market research. (Emcc, 2005) Service Operation Management is related to service quality. Delivering the expected quality by meeting the customers' expected value is the essence of service operation management. ... The characteristics are that, they are intangible, they are variable, they are perishable, and they are simultaneously produced and consumed (Shiffman and Kanuk, 1997). The evaluation of service qualities highly depends on the visitors' experience of service qualities in the service. This evaluation is difficult after a visit (Ostrom and Lacobucci, 1995). Dale, (1989), "consumer views and normally results from consumer's expectations of service, with their ideas of how services should be delivered". Daryl Wyckoff has defined service quality as, "Quality is the degree of excellence intended, and the control of variability in achieving that excellence, in meeting customers' requirements." (Wyckoff, 1984, p 81) This theorem of quality is however not accurate as experts says 'Quality is whatever the customer says it is and the quality of a particular product or service is whatever the customer perceives it to be' (Powers,1997, p 179). So the main emphasis is on the customer and perceived quality. When the delivered service does not meet the perceived quality then there is gap which can be best described by the below mentioned gap model by Parasuraman, 1988. THE SERVICE QUALITY GAP MODEL Despite the useful underlying concepts of this model, in practice measuring customer satisfaction can be very subjective in nature. SERVQUAL is a survey technique that attempts to quantify the service gaps; however in practice its application is limited (Parasuraman, 1988). A manager may be able to apply the underlying concepts in practice, but any quantitative application requires lots of time and resources which small enterprise lack. Quality is made up of two components viz. technical and interpersonal. The service marketers like small

Does a Focus on the Question of Gender Re-frame Our Understanding of Essay

Does a Focus on the Question of Gender Re-frame Our Understanding of World Politics, If So How - Essay Example This essay stresses that just as a family needs a father and a mother, so too do these two genders need to be incorporated in the social, economic and political aspects of society. We have entered an age where men and women should couple their best leadership qualities to achieve greater results. Gender roles in the ancient society had been stereotyped based on what one was expected to do according to their sex. However, gender and power determine the success derived from the opportunities received. The historical male chauvinism where men dominated the force of power in culture, society and politics is wearing out. Women have become known and more respected in areas that were male dominated. Using their femininity to convey a different aspect of power, women have made the power between men and them equal. Equality in power and gender has been attained due to great men and women of the time. This paper makes a conclusion that on a critical sense, issues relating to gender have re-framed people’s understanding of the world. We are in a new world where every race, gender, culture, ethnic and political affiliation recognises their rights and advocates for an equal treatment. Gender issues have refuted ancient philosophies that perceived women as weak sex and the male as dominants in all aspects of life. Today women have a voice. They almost equally contribute to life promoting processes as men. The old belief that the world was a ground of experimenting the strength of a gender, race, tribe or religion is drastically losing meaning.

Price Analysis for the Navigation System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price Analysis for the Navigation System - Essay Example For a cost to be said to be allowable, it has to be reasonable, allocable and comply with the terms of contract. The cost has to be reasonable in the sense that, the government buyers do not feel like they are being over-charged for the goods or services being offered by the company. The cost has also to lie within what the government would wish its citizens charged for the same (CCH Incorporated, 2007). Another type of cost to be determined is the variable cost which is a contrast of fixed cost. With the former, any variation in the expenses incurred will result in a corresponding increase in the output. However, with the former, the variation resulting from the incurred expenses does not affect the output. In the determination of the variable cost; that is after the completion of the start-up phase of a company, one has to bear in mind the costs relating to packaging, raw materials and the labour that is directly involved in the manufacturing process of the company. The total variable cost can be determined by getting the product of total cost per unit of output and total quantity of output. The semi-variable cost, which is also referred to as mixed cost, include both the variable and fixed rates. Electricity is considered to be the most common variable cost especially in the manufacturing companies. Cost analysis is very important to help one determine how to price a given commodity from a particular supplier. Before performing price analysis, there is need to compare competitive bids. This can be achieved through comparing several suppliers of a given similar commodity then at the end of the day, the average of the costs one has obtained can be very useful in helping him/her determine the price of a given good. Despite the fact that the above method is regarded as the best one when it comes to price analysis, there other methods which include prices set by law and regulation, comparison of a published price list,

Human Resources Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Resources Management - Case Study Example If an employee is low on behavior, but not creating problems for self or others at work place but high on productivity still the employee may be continued. But if the employee is low on productivity and is high on behavior it could actually mean that he or she is actually possibly interfering the productivity of others, this is also a strong candidate for termination. Task C: I would draw out the following matrix that will allow the management to take an informed decision on who to terminate: Employee Productivity rating Behavior rating Comments John Yimaz High Not indicated, but inferred to be good Barbara Bloomer Good Medium (stepped down from high recently) Has had a personal mishap recently Mrs. Long High Medium Wants to quit as she is not satisfied with her current responsibilities Mark Low Low Mr. Melta Low Low Potential to perform is low and is outdated to operate the current machinery Mrs. Roberta High High Hanna High High The obvious ideal candidates for retrenchment are Mr. Melta and Mark. The third candidate is Barbara Bloomer as she has become inconsistent in the last couple of months and may not be able to bounce back soon to her old shape. Once the departments are merged the responsibility of the department to deliver higher responsibility that of both the departments together, in view of this its essential to have people who are willing to work harder and take additional responsibilities. Task E: The following processes may be put in place to ensure that the redundancy at Jistota: a. Ensure regular training - this is to ensure that the employees in each department is up-to-date on skills and does not turn redundant. Also employees must be encouraged to learn formally out of the... But if the employee is low on productivity and is high on behavior it could actually mean that he or she is actually possibly interfering the productivity of others, this is also a strong candidate for termination. The obvious ideal candidates for retrenchment are Mr. Melta and Mark. The third candidate is Barbara Bloomer as she has become inconsistent in the last couple of months and may not be able to bounce back soon to her old shape. Once the departments are merged the responsibility of the department to deliver higher responsibility that of both the departments together, in view of this its essential to have people who are willing to work harder and take additional responsibilities. a. Ensure regular training - this is to ensure that the employees in each department is up-to-date on skills and does not turn redundant. Also employees must be encouraged to learn formally out of the work environment so that they remain contemporary and their employability factor remains high and they continue to be attractive to the employers b. Job Rotation: Job rotation will ensure that the employees are multi-skilled and will be able to work in more than one department. This will also ensure that if they become redundant (as in the case presented) they can be considered for alternate positions in a different department.

Busnisse law final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Busnisse law final exam - Essay Example The above scenario can therefore be discussed under promissory estoppel which is a legal law that requires the promisor to honor his or her promise to the promisee. The board in its meeting passed a decision which was based on a promise about paying Faithful $3000 per month as pension as a sort of reward after he retires. The pension promise is implemented only for a period less than two years of which he was in good health. The new president therefore stopping his pension payment despite it having been recorded by the board is nothing short of a breach of a promise. It can be argued that the real reason the pension was stopped was because Faithful became ill and hence was thought to therefore be in no position to assist the company in any way despite him being retired and would therefore be more of a liability than an asset. According to the promissory estoppel, even though it is not legally binding in the sense of a contract with mutual consent, the promisor still has to honor the promise made to the promisee no matter the situation. The court can therefore demand the company to continue paying Faithful the promised pension whether he is sick or not and with this ruling, Faithful can recover his promised pension and continue to enjoy it as before. Homeowner is legally liable to be compensated by Better and also Retailer under negligence defense in the law of tort because of the newly enforced law in the state of East Colombia. According to him, he thought that the mower manufacturer and even seller had honored and implemented the law and hence he was sure it was safe for him to reach under the mower once he applied the brakes on it. In order to prove liability and make a strong defense, the plaintiff suing for negligence has to have had a duty of care from the defense, the duty has to have been breached and caused damage to the plaintiff (Miller and Cross, 123). All these conditions have been

Security Planning and Risk Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Security Planning and Risk Assessment - Essay Example Failing to include employee training in risk planning leaves one of the manager's most valuable resources unused. Employees have the best and most current knowledge of security vulnerabilities. Employees will often accept these vulnerabilities as being someone else's job, or fail to recognize their importance. Making employees aware of the problem, and their individual responsibility, can often disclose security risks that might be otherwise overlooked. In addition, they may be a significant source of intelligence concerning an impending, or ongoing, threat. Good employee awareness and communication are the first steps in designing and implementing a risk-reduction program within an organization. 2.) The roles that the government and private-sector play in the protection of private-sector critical infrastructure facilities is usually determined by two factors; budgetary concerns, and expertise. Currently the federal government plays a significant part during the mitigation phase to train and organize security for these concerns. This is appropriate, as it ensures that executives and managers have the latest information concerning research and threats that are constantly changing. This also gives the public a reassurance that the security of these high value assets is coordinated on the federal level. While the government brings considerable expertise to the scenario, the private concern is expected to assume the budgetary requirements. In a free market economy, the private corporation is generally responsible for the immediate security of their assets. This includes physical security and access control. However, the protection of some assets that are critical to the economy, or health and safety, is in the interest of all citizens. The nature of the threat may demand a level of security that is not economically practical for a private business. According to Ortmeier (2008), "Industry standards indicate that the protection cost should be less than 2 percent of the value of the asset to be protected" (p.186). When the cost of security becomes excessive, it is not unreasonable to expect the taxpayer to bear a portion of the cost. Examples would be federal marshals on selected airline flights, or securing material that has a high value to a terrorist for use in explosives. The government should also pass and enforce legislation that mandates security and inspection at critical facilities. The programs that the DEA and EPA currently have that require securing, monitoring, and accounting for drugs and toxic chemicals could be expanded to include other assets.  

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Example for Free

Sunflowers by Vincent Essay Van Goghs Sunflowers are among his most famous paintings, but few realize that many sunflower pictures, not only the most famous Vase with Twelve Sunflowers and Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers. These were canvases he decorate the Yellow House in Arles in anticipation of the visit of his friend Paul Gauguin, and hope that others will follow him and form a utopianArt community. Some of the paintings of Vincents sunflower seeds are all but indistinguishable, with only minor differences in playback show is different. During his stay in Paris, he cut the sunflowers in various stages of Green be dry to dry. It seems to put his passion for sunflower seeds with him from his home in Holland, where he walked, and even make the kind of dramatic subjects, whom he loved. In the world today is the sunflowersynonymous with the work of Vincent, instantly recognizable and just as much right as the water lilies, Monet belongs. Vincent Sunflowers No. 2, the most famous still life sunflower, yellow to yellow, has the same universal appeal and impact of all his favorite images. So common is the appointment of a sunflower in fact, that in 1987 a Japanese company paid a record equivalent to almost $ 40 million for Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers at an auction. Van Goghs sunflowers are thrown many screens around the world to witness his mastery, residing in Europe, London and Tokyo, to name a few galleries now. During his stay in Paris, Vincent familiar with some of the greatest painters of the impressionist period. The artists all had a great influence on each other, even Van Gogh and the other was identified as a powerful genius of Les Vingt, Monet and Toulouse-Lautrec. You can easily see Sunflowers, Paris, where Vincent painted later in the yellow house in Arles, because they are cut flowers without a vase. This cut sunflowers are shown in various stages of drying, but the final color palette of Vincent bright and bold, is indicated at this point in his artistic journey through the images of life and joy. The influence of the master of Western art and artists can not be overstated. His work bridge impressionism, expressionism, cubism, and more with a singleLanguage understood by all lovers of beauty and truth. The huge popularity of a vase of sunflowers is the test its strength and sincerity. Although Vincent was suffering from a serious mental imbalance and eventually took his life that left a corpus of more than 2,000 screens in about a decade, depicted as a living heritage. Whether you are his descriptions of fields of wheat and stars swirling life, tender and thoughtful portraits of peasants, whom he loved or flowers in a vibrantsimple vase, all his works with his own stylistic stamp. was able to comfort regarded as an excellent form of communication of the Spirit, his work on his wildest dreams and console humanity through art. It is through his paintings, its not too novel, the troubled life, which as a prophet poet, artist and teacher, was to be evaluated. The analysis of the Sunflowers – Vincent van Gogh

Comparisons Culture Between Ghana And Colombia Cultural Studies Essay

Comparisons Culture Between Ghana And Colombia Cultural Studies Essay Cultural festival is a important thing. Its needed for all of us. All peoples needed to know about cultural festival. So I take Colombia and Ghana 2 countries for my assignment. Make assignment Different cultural groups think, feel, and act differently. There is no scientific standard for considering one group as intrinsically superior or inferior to another. Studying differences in culture among groups and societies presupposes a position of cultural relativism. It does not imply normalcy for oneself, and for ones society. It, however, calls for judgment when dealing with groups or societies different from ones own. Information about the nature of cultural differences between societies, their roots, and their consequences should precede judgment and action. Cultural relativism is the view that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are relative to the individual within his own social context. In other words, right and wrong are culture-specific; what is considered moral in one society may be considered immoral in another, and, since no universal standard of morality exists, no one has the right to judge another societys customs. Cultural relativism is widely accepted in modern anthropology. Cultural relativists believe that all cultures are worthy in their own right and are of equal value. Diversity of cultures, even those with conflicting moral beliefs, is not to be considered in terms of Right and wrong or good and bad. Comparisons Culture between Ghana and Colombia: Ghana and Colombia both are highly established country by culture. Both of these countries have their own culture based on their location, language, religion, climate, food etc. Ghanas culture: Main article: History of Ghana There is archaeological evidence which shows that humans have lived in what is present day Ghana from about 1500 BC.[11] Nonetheless, there is no proof that those early dwellers are related to the current inhabitants of the area. Oral tradition has it that many of Ghanas current ethnic groups such as the multi-ethnic Akan, the Ga and the Ewe arrived around the 13th Century. Figure: 1 Ashanti yam ceremony, 19th century by Thomas E. Bowdich Facts and Statistics: AKWAABA! (Welcome) greets visitors as they arrive at the airport in the capital city of Accra. In 1957, Ghana (formed from the merger of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory) became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. Today it is one of the most thriving democracies on the African continent. Currently the countrys economy is dominated by agriculture, which employs about 40 percent of the working population. Location: Ghana shares boundaries with Togo to the east, Cote dIvoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and the Gulf of Guinea, to the south; only a few degrees north of the Equator. Area: total: 238,533 sq km Land: 227,533 sq km Water: 11,000 sq km Area Comparative: Slightly smaller than Oregon Current Weather: Tropical: warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Figure2:Ghanasmap Population: Total 18,412,247 Religions: Ghana is a Muslim country. The Ghanas language: Different sources give different figures for the number of languages of Ghana. This is because of different classifications of varieties as either languages or dialects. Ethnologue lists a total of 79 languages. Ghanas 3 Society Culture The Ghanas Family: At the center of Ghanaian society is the institution of family. Sustained through a series of kinship networks and marriages, the family is acknowledged as the bedrock of all social life. The family is not only the basis of Ghanaian social organizations, but is also the main source of social security in old age (emotionally and financially) and the primary or sole caretaker for the young. Ghanas Pride: Russians are proud of their country. Patriotic songs and poems extol the virtues of their homeland. They accept that their lives are difficult and pride themselves on being able to flourish in conditions that others could not. They take great pride in their cultural heritage and expect the rest of the world to admire it. Communal Mentality: This is a remarkable piece of writing. Leadership compassionate, caring, and responsible leadership is threatened in Ghana. I am particularly interested in the issue of chiefs and the sale of communal land to foreigners and non-aliens alike. Why should a farmer lose their ancestral land to a rich property developer who has paid millions of cedis to a chief or his representative? These days it is common proactive for chiefs and their Town Planning and Lands Commission cohorts to zone productive agricultural or greenbelt land without any consultation with occupants of the land. Figure3: Ghanas dreams house Despite the presence of Islam and Christianity, traditional religions in Ghana have retained their influence because of their intimate relation to family loyalties and local mores. Figure4: Ghanas tradition Colombia Culture: Many aspects of Colombian culture can be traced back to the early culture of Spain of the 16th century and its collision with Colombias native civilizations (see: Muisca, Tayrona). The Spanish brought Catholicism, African slaves, the feudal encomienda system, and a caste system that favored European-born whites. After independence from Spain, the criollos struggled to establish a pluralistic political system between conservative and liberal ideals. Figure4: Bullfight-Bogotà ¡ Facts and Statistics: Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama Geographic coordinates: 4 00 N, 72 00 W Map references: South America Area: total: 1,138,910 sq km land: 1,038,700 sq km water: 100,210 sq km note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and Serranilla Bank Capital: Bogota Population: 42,954,279 (July 2005 est.) Ethnic Groups: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1% Religion: Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% Figure5: Colombia Map Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands Terrain: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains. Languages in Colombia: The official language of Colombia is Spanish and spoken by around 43 million people. In addition there are approximately 500,000 speakers of American Indian languages. Colombian Society Culture: Catholicism: Most Colombians would consider themselves to be Roman Catholics. The Church has historically been a very important influence over personal affairs such as marriage and family life. The parish church is often seen as the centre of a community, with the local priest representing divine authority and leadership. The Role of the Family: The family takes centre stage in the social structure. It acts as a source of support and advice and therefore great loyalty is shown to families. Although extended families rarely live under one roof, apart from in rural areas, many are still live very close and frequent one anothers houses often. Figure6: Colombia culture Hierarchies: Colombia can be termed a hierarchical society. People earn respect due to age and position. Older people are naturally perceived as being wise and as a result are afforded great respect. Colombian Clothing: Covers a variety of clothes that are commonly worn by the people who live in the country of Colombia in the continent of South America. The climate of Colombia is tropical in the coastal regions and the eastern plains and it is quite cold in the highlands. Therefore, the clothes of Colombia have to cater to a variety of weather conditions. Figure7: Colombian clothing Comparison of Culture: These two countries has their own and individual culture. Both of this culture is far different from one to another. They have different location, different language, different climate, different food, different religion and different cloth. These countries have different government system. Different religion makes them different by cloth from one to another. Most of the people of Ghana are Muslim by religion and they use to put on Islamic dresses. On the other hand, in Colombian total people is Roman Catholic but majority of people follows Ghana Orthodox as their religion. This religion comes from there tradition. So that, they use to puts on traditional dresses. Conclution: Every nation has their culture. This culture is unique and individual from others. Russia and Morocco also has their individual and highly established culture. Both of these cultures are far different from one to another. They have their own language, religion, belief, respect, climate, location, food, cloth etc which differ them from one to another.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease The lungs are one of the most important organs in the human body. Without the lungs a person is unable to intake oxygen that is need to life. There are many problems that can develop within the lungs. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases. This paper will discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of COPD. The pre-hospital treatment of COPD will also be covered. A detailed example of a field impression and treatment plan will also be illustrated. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes a person to have difficulty in breathing. There are to main forms of COPD; chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a long-term cough that produces mucus. Emphysema is the destruction of the lungs of a period of time. Most people that have COPD have a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. There are several causes of COPD, with smoking being the most prevalent. The more a person smokes, the more likely they are to develop COPD. There are also several causes of COPD in non-smokers. Patients who lack the protein alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema. Other airway irritants such as, exposure to gases and fumes in the workplace, second-hand smoke, and frequent use of cooking gases without ventilation are other potential risk factors. Again, smoking is the primary cause of COPD; however someone can be a lifelong smoker and not develop COPD. All diseases have a pathophysiologic reason as to how and why it affects the body. However, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians, COPD does not have a clear pathophysiology. What is known about COPD is that the cells of the bronchial tree have been subjected to chronic inflammation. This inflammation is caused by smoking and other irritants that mentioned previously. When the cells of the bronchial tree are inflamed it causes the smooth muscles of the airway to constriction excessively. This hyperactivity causes the airway to become swollen, production of excess amounts of mucus, and decreased effectiveness of the cilia. As COPD progress, patients begin to have difficulty clearing secretions, which causes a chronic productive cough, wheezing and difficulty breathing. Due to the inability for the patient to clear the productive cough, mucus begins to collect in the airway. The collection of mucus is an issue because it collects bacteria and cause causes infections. B oth chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused airway obstruction. In cases of chronic bronchitis the airway is obstruction caused by the build-up of mucus describe previously. In cases of emphysema, the alveoli become enlarged an eventually destroy. This hinders the necessary exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has many negative effects on the body that impedes the body from respiring efficiently. Just like every condition chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has signs and symptoms that all providers the ability to both diagnosis and treat their patients. The classic signs of COPD include an ongoing productive cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and tightness in the chest. These symptoms can appear both early and late in the disease process. If a patients presents with these symptoms early, then it is possible that they have not lost the ability effectively move air. COPD patients may also present with the following symptoms: difficulty catching breath, signs of cyanosis such as blue or gray lips and nail beds, alerted mental status, and tachycardia. It is important for the provider to have good assessment skills so that he/she picks up on these signs and symptoms. Most COPD patients that an EMS provider will come in contact with will already be diagnosed with the disease, thus making it important for the provider to obtain SAMPLE and OPQRST history. After the provider has concluded that this patient is suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease it is time for treatment to begin. The treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is pretty straight forward in the pre-hospital arena. Due to difficulty breathing, the patient should be placed on high-flow oxygen via non-rebreather. The provider should keep a constant monitor on the patients pulse oximetry to issue adequate oxygen levels in the blood. If the patient is wheezing then a nebulized albuterol treatment is indicated. Albuterol dilates the airway, thus increasing air movement. The next step in the treatment plan should be obtaining intravenous access for medicine administration. A blood draw should also be performed at this time. The provider should monitor the patients ECG. If accessible the provider should also obtain a 12-lead ECG and monitor Capnography. If the patient continues wheezing after the initial albuterol treatment, a second dosage should be administered after ten minutes. If wheezing still continues, the provider should consider administering Solu-Medrol intravenously. Solu-Medrol is a parenteral steroid that attempts to lower the inflammation of the cells in the bronchial tree. If the patients pulse oximetry is below 90 percent on high flow oxygen via non-rebreather, the provider should consider use of positive-pressure ventilation. There are two types of positive-pressure ventilation, bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Since local protocols allow the use of CPAP, it will be used for the purposes of this paper. CPAP decreases the workload of the patient on inspiration. CPAP also keeps the alveoli open allowing better gas exchange. Fluid build-up in the lungs is another indication for CPAP. The positive pressure supplied by a CPAP device will push the fluid from the lungs back into the vascular space. CPAP is contraindication on patients with altered mental status and systolic blood pressure of less than 100. With the treatment plan listed above, the pre-hospital provider should be able to effective treat a symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is disease that Emergency Medical Services provider will have to deal with on a daily basis in a busy locality. This is caused mainly by the high popularity of tobacco smoking in the United States over the last century. COPD can by a gateway to other medical issues in the body, such as congestive heart failure and infection. The effects on the body in COPD patients works like a chain reaction, inflammation causes fluid build-up, which causes airway compromise and possibly infection. Patients suffering from COPD should immediate stop smoking. The treatment plan describe above is straight forward and can provide short term relief in the pre-hospital setting. Like stated at the beginning of this paper Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a like changing disease that can destroy one of the bodys most important organs, the lungs, and if a patient is unable to breath, they will die!

The Selective Service Act Essay --

In 1917, the Selective Service Act was created. Back then, there were very few women serving in the military. As of last year, there were about 214,000 active duty women serving in the United States Military (Women in the, 2012). The Selective Service Act is outdated. The Selective Service Act should be amended to allocate that women should have to sign up for selective service, just as men have too. Since the creation of the Selective Service Act of 1917, the role of a woman has evolved from the common role of a housewife, teacher or nurse. Now women have access to and are equally able to join many different career fields that were once gender based. The case Rostker v Goldberg 1981 debated whether or not women should be excluded from the Selective Service Act. Congress came to determine that â€Å"since women are excluded from combat roles in the Armed Forces, then they are not similarly situated for the purpose of the draft (Rostker, 1981)†. According to the Army Times in 2012, â€Å"The Army will start placing women in as many as 14,000 combat related jobs (Tan, 2012)†. So now, women are able to pursue combative careers in the military. Furthermore, women signing up for selective service will help increase the Armed Forces if the country is in need. According to Congress, â€Å"adequate armed strength must be achieved and maintained in order to insure the security of our nation (Selective Service, 2013)†. Having women on the draft will help to ensure that America will have enough members of the Armed Forces to be at war and to protect the home front. However, some say that the cost of allowing women to register is an issue. According to an estimated report created by The US General Accounting Agency, the funding for registering men in ... ...vice registration to women." GAO Reports. 98.199 (1999): n. page. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. . Sherman, J. "Candidates differ on female draft." Pittsburg Post-Gazette. N.p., 13 Oct 2008. Web. 8 Dec 2013. . Tan, M.. "Women in combat: Army to open 14k jobs, 6 MOSs. ." Army Times. N.p., 02 May 2012. Web. 8 Dec 2013. . "Women And The Draft: The Constitutionality Of All-Male Registration." Harvard Law Review 94.2 (1980): 406. Academic Search Premier. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. "Women in the Military Statistics." Statistic Brain. N.p., 04 Apr 2012. Web. 8 Dec 2013. .

Babe Ruth Essay -- Biography Biographies

Babe Ruth Baseball player. Born George Herman Ruth, Jr., on February 6, 1895, in Baltimore, Maryland. He was the first of eight children born to Kate and George Herman Ruth, Sr. Most of the Ruth children died in infancy and only George Jr. and his sister Mamie survived to maturity. Little George, as he was called, grew up in a poor waterfront neighborhood in Baltimore, where he lived above the family saloon. In 1902, the Ruth’s sent their son away to St. Mary’s Industrial School for Boys, which was both a reformatory and an orphanage. Ruth developed a love for sports, particularly baseball, which served as his escape from the strict environment at St Mary’s. From an early age he showed potential as an athlete, and in his late teens he had developed into a professional candidate. His tough southpaw pitching attracted Jack Dunn, manager of the minor league Baltimore Orioles. In 1914, the Orioles signed Ruth to his first professional baseball contract. He became the team’s youngest member, and was befittingly nicknamed â€Å"Babe.† Within five months, 19-year-old Ruth graduated to the major leagues, and signed with the Boston Red Sox. He remained with the team for six seasons, alternating positions as pitcher and outfielder. With his great pitching, powerful bat, and winning personality, he was quickly on his way to greatness, overshadowing players like Ty Cobb and Honus Wagner. After a controversy revealed that the Chicago White Sox conspired to throw the 1919 World Series, the sport of baseball was in need of a hero. The scandal had shaken the public’s faith in the game. However, in 1919, while still a part-time pitcher for the Red Sox, Ruth made his home-run assault on the record books. His 25th home run that year shattered the modern major league record held by the now forgotten Gabby Kraveth. By the end of the year, Ruth’s record was an unprecedented 29 home runs, and he was credited with reviving faith in the game. In December of 1919, the Boston Red Sox sold the invaluable player to New York Yankee owner Colonel Jacob Ruppert. Ruppert bought Ruth’s contract for over $100,000, which was a staggering price at the time. In 1920, Ruth joined the Yankees, who as yet had never won a pennant. For years they played in the shadow of the New York Giants. Without a baseball park to call their own, the Yankees were forced to hold their games at the G... ...ue team. Ruth was diagnosed with cancer in 1946. Although the extent of his illness was kept from him, he knew that his time was limited. He spent the remainder of his life making countless visits to children’s hospitals and orphanages. In 1948, Ruth made his final appearance at Yankee Stadium, celebrating the 25th anniversary of â€Å"The House that Ruth Built.† His number was retired, and April 27th was declared â€Å"Babe Ruth Day.† On August 16, 1948, Ruth died at the age of 53. At the time of his death, he held 54 major league records, including most years leading a league in home runs (12), most total bases in a season (457), and highest slugging percentage for a season (.847). While with the Red Sox, Ruth married 18-year-old waitress Helen Woodford, whom he had known less than three months. In 1929, Ruth’s wife died in a fire. At the time, they had been separated for three years. Her tragic death allowed him to marry Claire Hodgson, a former model and actress. With Claire’s daughter from a previous marriage and Ruth’s adopted daughter (with Woodford), they became an immediate family. Ruth and Hodgson remained together until Ruth’s death. Bibliography: biography.com

Affect the Daily Lives of Elderly

â€Å"I’ve fallen and can’t get up! † How many times have you heard and laughed at that expression? Although there are countless jokes to go along with aging, the fact is the age process brings about numerous bodily changes that can affect the lives of older adults. With such a large span of changes that may happen, not all elderly people have the same changes. This is called probabilistic aging (changes that may happen to some, but not all people as they grow older). The majority of aging changes not only cause physical disability, but mental and social setbacks as well.The ones that have the largest effects of the quality of daily life in the elderly are the loss of bone density, kidney dysfunctions, and hypertension. As we progress through the years, our bones begin to decrease in density. We all lose some bone mass as we age and it reaches its peak between the ages of 25 and 35. Our bones lose calcium and other minerals and become more porous, lighter, and le ss dense. The loss of density causes our bones to become weak and possibly break. There are many different stages to bone loss, but osteoporosis is the most debilitating.It is most commonly found in women over the age of 60 when their bones begin to break and can even cause hip and spinal fractures. In women who have experienced menopause, they can use hormone therapy to help increase bone density. Through calcium and vitamin D supplements as well as exercise (weight lifting and walking), we can also increase our bone density. Of course, the earlier we start, the healthier our bones will be when we get older. Another common ailment is kidney disease. Our kidneys have the job of removing waste from the bloodstream.As we age and have chronic conditions like: diabetes or high blood pressure, damage can be done to our urinary tract and kidneys. When poisons and toxins are not being eliminated properly, problems can range from fatigue and frequent urination to incontinence (loss of bladd er control) and the need for dialysis (blood is cleaned out) may occur. The most extreme cases would require kidney transplants. Reducing the intake of sugar and carbohydrates, maintaining a low cholesterol and fat diet, as well as drinking plenty of fluids is what doctors suggest to avoid these types of problems.The third and most significant bodily change as we age is hypertension or high blood pressure. It is a silent change that is linked to various other diseases and is the most deadly. Hypertension is caused by fatty deposits that form on the walls of the heart vessels known as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). The body receives blood through arteries pumped by the heart muscles. This blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients to the necessary areas in the body. If there are fatty deposits on the walls of the vessels, it impedes the blood flow, resulting in the heart working harder to push the blood through blocked arteries.The effect is an elevated blood pr essure reading medically known as hypertension. Stress is one of the main causes of hypertension which is directly linked to overeating, smoking, and drinking. Research indicates that cold weather can be related to high blood pressure in older people because it is related to stress. Without treatment, it increases the risk of kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, eye problems, diabetes and more importantly heart disease and stroke which can be fatal. A proper diet, exercise and healthy choices are necessary to decrease the fatty deposits in our blood vessels.All of these bodily changes can cause some form of physical disability which in turn can cause emotional and social problems as well. When a physical body change occurs, the elderly may become depressed because they may need to rely of others to help them. They also may avoid social situations because they are uncomfortable, in pain, or have a level of embarrassment due to their disability. Although biological aging cannot be av oided, there often are many ways to prevent some of the probabilistic changes from happening or be less debilitating.A common thread found throughout the bodily changes is many of them can be avertable with a healthy lifestyle change of a proper diet and exercise. So get wiser with age by seeing a doctor regularly and begin your lifestyle changes to ensure an enjoyable aging process. Works Cited Aging. (Last modified March 21, 2009. ) In Wikipedia Online. Retrieved March 21, 2009 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Aging Bone Mineral Density. (2005-2009) WebMD. Retrieved on March 21, 2009 from http://www. webmd.com/osteoporosis/bone-mineral-density Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). (2009. ) National Kidney Foundation. Retreived on March 21, 2009 from http://www. kidney. org/kidneydisease/ckd/index. cfm Hypertension/High Blood Pressure Guide (2005-2009). WebMD. Retrieved on March 20, 2009 from http://www. webmd. com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/ Warner, J. (January 12, 2009). WebMD. High Blood Pressure Climbs in Winter. http://www. webmd. com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/news/20090112/high-blood- pressure-climbs-in-winter

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Final Essay Essay

Many people view character as the most important thing in a man. Others often look past this and see their social or economic status as deciding who they are. They think these things are what define a person. In reality it is things like ingenuity, free will, and morality that make a great man. In contrast such characteristics like hypocrisy, greed, and cruelty are what bring someone down. Through his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain displays the characteristics of a man he admires, and those he is contemptuous of through the actions of his characters. One admirable characteristic Twain shows is Ingenuity. Like most positive qualities in the novel this is shown through the main character Huck. He displays great ingenuity when he is being held by his father in the cabin. Being able to escape showed much of this trait, but Huck took it one step further. He knew his father would be able to track him very easily if he just left and ran off into the woods. By taking an axe to the front door and spreading the pig’s blood around made it seem as if Huck had been murdered. He also took many items from the cabin to fake a robbery as well. Up to this point in the book Huck is shown as being very child-like, and immature. After this incident though, the readers become aware of his resourcefulness and ingenuity. Another example of this characteristic is shown through Jim. This is another character that Twain wants his readers to identify with as being admirable. He shows ingenuity by suggesting to Huck he should dress as a female to gain information in the town. Although Huck fails to convince the women he meets for then entire time, it is because of his own slip up, and he still gets the information he needs. Free Will is something Twain does not take for granted in every person. In the novel he shows right from the beginning how much free will a character like Huck can have. On the first page of the book he says: â€Å"The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time, considering how dismal regular and decent the widow was in all her ways; and so when I couldn’t stand it no longer I lit out† Although it seems like a normal thing for a thirteen year old boy to say we soon realize that Huck has made this decision based on some rather mature observations. Although he eventually goes back to the Widow, it isn’t long before he is on the raft and the island, escaping the â€Å"sivilized† world. Twain’s views here are obviously that this sort of free will is what makes people individuals. Another characteristic in the novel is morality. The main display of this is shown through Huck at the end of the novel when he has a big decision on his hands. â€Å"I was a-trembling, because I’d got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: â€Å"All right then, I’ll go to hell†? and tore it up† He forced to choose between tearing up his letter to Miss Watson and freeing the slave Jim, and sending the letter, telling her of his whereabouts. This choice wasn’t about getting caught or not, it was about morals. At the time it was considered morally wrong to help free a slave. Huck realized this, but also thought about the time he spent with Jim, and the friendship they had acquired. Twain clearly shows us through the actions of Jim in the whole novel that he feels slavery is wrong. So in choosing to help free his black friend, and go to hell if that be the consequence, Huck shows us his high morality. As well as admirable traits, Twain also uses The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to display traits he is contemptuous of. It is clear which of these traits were thought of as good and bad by looking at which character displays them. In the case of Huck and Jim only characteristics in which Twain was fond of are shown. In contrast the characters who show the opposite traits are those of the antagonist type. The first of these is antagonist traits is hypocrisy. It is shown in the form of the robbers on the river boat. Obviously these characters do not display any virtuous traits, and are quite hypocritical when they say â€Å"†Ã¢â‚¬ËœSee? He’ll be drownded, and won’t have nobody to blame for it but his own self. I reckon that’s a considerable sight better’n killin’ of him. I’m unfavorable to killin’ a man as long as you can git aroun’ it; it ain’t good sense, it ain’t good morals. Ain’t I right? ‘† We do not have to look to deep into this to find that they simply trying to justify their actions, when really all they have accomplished is condemning them. Another trait Twain finds equally disreputable is greed. This is shown mainly through the King and Duke who will stop at nothing to sap money from the unknowing people. The Last quality is Cruelty. This is shown through the worst of the characters, Pap. He ruthlessly beats his son Huck and goes on drunken rages throughout the whole book. In a time of much hate and racism Mark Twain used his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to show what characteristics make a virtuous person, and which ones make the opposite. He showed traits such as ingenuity, free will, and morality through his protagonists, and hypocrisy, greed, and cruelty through his antagonists. This way the reader not only identifies with the character they are fond or not fond of, but the traits that that they display as well. Twain proves that it is not what a man has that defines him, but who he is.

They Called It Brotherhood

Nolli me tangere he Noli me tangere [1] is a novel written by Jose Rizal , and published in 1887 , in EuropeNoli me tangere, meaning â€Å"don't touch me† / â€Å"touch me not†, is the Latin version of words spoken, according to John 20:17, by Jesus to Mary Magdalene when she recognizes him after his resurrection. El filibusterismo El filibusterismo (lit. Spanish for â€Å"The Filibustering†[1]), also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed,[2] is the second novel written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal.It is the sequel to Noli Me Tangere and like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium. Throughout the Philippines, the novel is read in senior high schools. Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel â€Å"helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War†, according to Will Kaufman 1. Period of Re -orientation (1898-1910) PeriodicalsEl Renacimiento-founded in Manila by Rafael Palma in 1901 Philippines Free Press-established in Manila in 1905 by R. McCollugh Dick and Dr. Theo Rogers Poetry Sursum Corda (lift up your hearts) Written by Justo Juliano in 1907, was the first work to be published in English, appeared in Renacimiento My Mother and her Air Castles Written by Jan F. Salazar in 1909 Also published in Renacimiento To my Lady in Laoag By Proceso Sebastian in 1909 Drama -R. I. P (1902) -Walang Sugat (Zarsuela) Sigalot ng mga Filipino at mga amerikano (1898) -Los Ramitos de Flores (Flowered Boughs), 1908 written by Severino Reyes -Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (1902) -Bagong Kristo (1907) by Aurelio Tolentino Fictional Prose -Maring (1908) -Buhay (1909) by Aurelio Tolentino Non Fiction Prose -La Punta de Salto ( the place of the origin) written by Macario Adriatico 2. Period of Imitation (1910-1925) Essayists of this time were Carlos p. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo, Mauro Mendez, Vi cente Hilario†¦

Milk Tea Essay

BUSINESS POLICY AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Business Policy as Discipline The origin of business policy can be traced back to 1911, when Harvard Business School introduced an integrative course in management aimed at the creation of general management capability. This course was based on interactive case studies which had been in use at the school for instructional purposes since 1908. The course was intended to enhance general managerial capability of students, the introduction of business policy in the curriculum of business schools/management institutes came much later. In 1969, the American Assembly of Collegiate School of Business, a regulatory body for Business, a regulatory body for business schools, made the course of business policy, a mandatory requirement for purposes of recognition. Basically business policy is considered as a capstone, integrative course offered to students who have previously been through a set of core functional area courses. The term â€Å"business Policy† has been traditionally used though new titles for the course have begun to be introduced in recent years. According to William F. Glueck, development in business policy arose from the development in the use of planning techniques by managers. Starting from day-to-day planning in earlier times, management tried to anticipate the future through preparation of budgets and using control system like capital budgeting and management by objectives. With the inability of these techniques to adequately emphasize the role of future, long-range planning came to be used. Soon, long range planning was replaced b y strategic planning, and later by strategic management, a term that is currently used to describe the process of strategic decision making. Business policy, as defined by Christensen and others, is â€Å"the study of the functions and responsibilities of senior management, the crucial problems that affect success in the total enterprise, and the decisions that determine the direction of the organization and shape its future†. The problem of policy in business, like those of policy in public affairs, have to do with the choice of purposes, the moulding of organizational identity and character, the continuous definition of what needs to be done, and the mobilization of resources for the attainment of goals in the face of competition or adverse circumstances. Business policy tends to emphasize on the rational-analytical aspect of strategic management. It presents a  framework for understanding strategic decision making. Such a framework enables a person to make preparations for handling general management responsibilities. Meaning and the Nature of Management To understand strategic management. We need to have a basic understanding of the term management. The term management can be used in two major contexts. A) It is used with reference to a key group in an organization in-charge of its affairs. In relation to an organization, management is the chief organ entrusted with the task of making it a purposeful and productive entity, by undertaking the task of bringing together and integrating the disorganized resources of manpower, money, materials, and technology into a functioning whole. An organization becomes a unified functioning system when management systematically mobilizes and utilizes the diverse resources. The survival and success of an organization depend to a large extent on the competence and character of its management. Management has to also facilitate organizational change and adaptation. B) The term is also used with reference to a set of interrelated functions and processes, to a field of study of discipline in social science and to a vocation or profession. The functions and processes of management are wide-ranging but closely related. They range all the way from design of the organization, determination of the goals and activities, mobilization and acquisition of resources, allocation of tasks and resources among the personnel and activity units. They also include adoption of certain techniques, tools and methods for carrying on activities, through articulation of skills and efforts of organizational personnel in a unified manner and installation of communication and control system to ensure that what is planned is achieved. A wide range of definition of management exist in the literature on management. Here we shall cite the definition of a few theories: Peter Drucker: Management is a function, a discipline, a task to be done, and managers practice this discipline, carry out the function and discharge these tasks. Dalton McFarland : Management is the process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organizations through systematic, co-ordinated an co-operative human effort. Management is an influence process to make things happen, to gain command over phenomina, to induce and direct events and people in a particular manner. Influence is backed by power, competence, knowledge and resources. Managers formulate their goals, values and strtegies, to cope with, to adapt and to adjust themselves with the behaviour and changes of the environment.

Who or what started and perpetuated the Cold War Essay

Who or what started and perpetuated the Cold War - Essay Example Bernard Baruch who was the senior advisor to Harry Truman (33rd president of the US), in context to the frequent occurrence of the crisis among the two nations, termed the situation as â€Å"Cold War† in 1947 (Global Security, 2010). The Cold War began in 1917, with the appearance in Russia of a radical Bolshevik regime dedicated for dispersal of communism throughout the modern world. There were differences in opinion between the US government and the Soviet Union. The US government interpreted communism to be an international development that was in the direction of favouring transnational communism. But it was found out that the communists across the world were loyal as they received orders from Moscow (Global Security, 2010). In the year 1918, the US had united unresponsively in an unsuccessful linked effort to collapse down the revolutionary Soviet regime. Distrustful relations between the Soviets and the US long before the Second World War prepared them as reluctant supporters in the combat against Nazi Germany (Global Security, 2010). The Great Britain and the US struggled against the Bolsheviks, between 1918 and 1920. In 1918 American groups contributed in the allied involvement in Russia in support of anti-Bolshevik armed forces (Global Security, 2010). The argument lies between the interpretation of the US government and the thought of the Soviet Union. The Russian argued that whether this approach of the Soviet Union proved to be a threat to the US or whether the US decision makers, misinterpret Soviet and communist. The Soviets ideology might have been interpreted in wrong way due to political interest. The US government could have perceived the level of threat to be huge and not in favour of the political environment in future (Macdonald, 1995). There are numerous thoughts and perceptions that had created the Cold War and were argued whether the issues were right or wrong in the context of the Soviet and the US political leaders.

Letter of appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of appeal - Essay Example My parents (whom I stay with) were involved in constant feuds that eventually led to a divorce. This did not only affect me psychologically but also took almost all my study time as I tried to take care of my younger siblings who could not barely cope up with what was happening. We had to move out of our house and settle at our grandmother’s place to avoid the raging parents for some time. At first, I thought I could handle my studies while at the same time taking care of the situation back at home but I was wrong as my study time was greatly consumed. I must acknowledge that I did not use the right channels to communicate with my lecturers about what affected me, a mistake I highly regret. I also had an option to call off the semester but, again I did not pursue that. The situation at home now is calm and it no longer affects me. I have great affection for this university and would like to be given a chance to attain my degree, which would make me be the first student in my area to be awarded a degree in my. I have developed a close relationship with my counsellor to assist me deal with stressful situations and open up and communicate with people who can offer assistance to me like my lecturers rather than keeping quiet. Fortunately, my parents have re-united and a peaceful environment has been created at home where my studies will not be interrupted anymore. Once again I want to assure you that it was just an appalling session for me; I am not an academically poor student. The low GPA does not represent exactly who I am and given another chance I will prove that the grades I attained were odd to my standard. I am optimistic you will grant me another chance. I appreciate the chance for this

Final Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Final Project - Term Paper Example Time management is the other key aspect for managing a project, which is where time estimates are given for various aspects of the project, and the project manager must continually monitor the time estimates to determine if they are accurate, liberal or conservative. Cost management is similar to time management, and this is where the costs are maximally reduced, so that profit is maximized. Quality management is the next knowledge area, and the way to measure quality is smart, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely. Communications management is where the stakeholders are apprised about the project with status updates, minutes of meetings, reports on deliverables, etc. Human resource management means that different team members are brought in, according to their expertise, during different specific moments in the schedule. Risk management is the increasing of the impact and probability of positive risks and decreasing negative risks. Procurement management is the process of det ermining what to procure and when, and this is where bids are solicited and sellers are determined . And integration management ensures that various elements of the projects are properly coordinated. This might involve making trade-offs among competing objectives and alternatives (PMI, 2013). These processes and knowledge areas will be applied to the situation at hand, which is a project where a data center will be moved for the customer who is Fiction Corp. Incorporating PMBOK Into the Final Project Initiating the Plan The first part of the plan initiation would be assembling a team that has the expertise that is necessary for this project. Since this project would entail a large amount of technical expertise, the team should consist of IT professionals which specialize in the different areas which are demanded in this project, as well as network managers and security professionals. Also, because the network is to be upgraded, the personnel to accomplish this also must be selected. Also, what must be determined is the implementers who need to be involved with the requirements and the design of the project (PMI, 2013). Then, going through the processes, the next step would be planning the project – the key objectives here would be time constraints and budget constraints, and the objectives would be to move the data center with a minimum of disruptions, upgrade the network and security of the data center. Because it is imperative that there be as few disruptions as possible, it is also imperative that all of these implementations occur in a timely manner. Therefore, when the next process occurs, which is executing the process, and people are coordinated and resources are also coordinated, the people who are coordinated must be informed of the main objectives of time and budget constraints, along with being informed about the details of the project. The resources which are amassed also must deal with these aspects of the project. These are all the three p rocess which go into the initial stages, because the other two projects – controlling process and closing process –

College app essay answers Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

College app answers - Essay Example and, this was a simple and petite job; however, this internship allowed me to understand the different operations and processes of office administration, which enhanced my knowledge in an efficient manner. Moreover, I had the opportunity to interact with people from diverse backgrounds. Despite of different cultural and social backgrounds, people were working in different ways; however, for one single objective. This cultural and social diversity enhanced my personality traits that will facilitate me in improving socially, as well as, intellectually in a creative manner. During my sophomore and junior years of high school, students from different cultural and social backgrounds were part of our class, and I had the opportunity to coordinate and interrelate with them during different activities of school. Such interaction allowed me to understand that different individuals are developed in diverse backgrounds, and therefore, have varied personality traits. For instance, family and interrelationships play a significant role; however, some individuals gave significance to individualism. In other words, my stay at high school developed me in such a way that I may be able to consider individuals with respect to their culture, social, and intellectual capacities. I gained respect for cultural and social differences from one of our classmates who was from El Salvador. He represented a non-English native country, which resulted in his inefficiency in spoken English. However, he was good, and even best in some other capacities, such as education, sports, etc . In specific, he was considered the best player of our soccer team. Even though he was incapable of grasping English language, he tried his best to coordinate with us in a usual manner like our other classmates. The language barrier was not able to frustrate him at all, which was one of the major reasons that even after such difficulties, he was not infuriated and irritated, which resulted in my respect for cultural

The Food and Beverage Operation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Food and Beverage Operation - Assignment Example Gordon, Manager of media relations for the AHLA, says "hotels can impact their bottom line via catering, restaurant, lounges and other food and beverages operations." (James T Aug 01, 2002) The increased number of convention centres, show planners and their emphasis on food and beverage as a way to increase revenues has also made a great fillip to the development of catering management. The hospitality managers are experts who have sound practical knowledge accompanied by theoretical background in meeting the customer preferences in the selection of food and beverages. A large number of food and beverage systems are in operation throughout the country to satisfy the customers with diverse tastes and preferences. There are many ways by which food and beverages can be processed and served. Each one has its own merits and demerits. Mainly, food and beverage service is comprised of two systems, which are complementary to each other. This is one of the crucial tasks of hospitality management as the quality of food and beverage is of utmost concern for all. It is, therefore, important for the catering manager to ensure that only quality food are prepared and served. In fact, the success of catering management depends upon how successful they are in meeting the customers' tastes and preferences. ... 4. Billing 5. Clearing 6. Dish washing 7. Clearing following service (Smith .R, (n.d.) Food and Beverage Service" 6th, Edition Page No. 8) Planning and Development of Recipes and Menus This is one of the crucial tasks of hospitality management as the quality of food and beverage is of utmost concern for all. It is, therefore, important for the catering manager to ensure that only quality food are prepared and served. In fact, the success of catering management depends upon how successful they are in meeting the customers' tastes and preferences. It is a known fact for all that management starts with planning. In the case of catering management also, the first and foremost activity is planning. Planning recipes refers to the process of deciding in advance what kind of food and beverage is needed by the customer. For that, the catering manager must know in advance the kind of gathering for which he/she is going to serve food. For example, if all the people in a party are vegetarians, then there is no meaning in planning non vegetarian cuisine. The various points to be noticed by the catering manager at the time of menu planning are: type of customer Location of Establishment Price range Physical capacity of outlet Staff level and capabilities Kitchen size and equipment availability Food Availability (ALaCarteTraining.com, (n.d) Design a Market Focused Menu) Factors to be considered for Menu Design Menu planning and designing is equally important as planning recipes. It requires utmost care because the menu selected must satisfy the customers. The following must be taken care of by the catering manager: Food preference of Customer a. Changing needs b. Current Trend c. Changing demographic and socio-cultural influences d. Changing

Elements of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elements of art - Essay Example I observe many things as I look at this painting. If for instance, we don’t know the date when this painting was painting, we would notice that it was made during the Renaissance or after that period due to its atmospheric perspective. After the camera was invented in 1839, artists tried to make their paintings look real and as good as they could. William painted this painting almost as perfect as a real photo. If you goggle Porto Venere, you will see some pictures of this place which looks the same as in this painting. Looking at this painting, I feel cool and relaxed since, it gives me that beautiful feeling you have when you walk on the beach and the drizzles from the waves hit you smoothly. In this painting, there is no real texture which appears as brushwork and impasto. However, bold or noticeable texture appears a little bit on the rocks. Value in this painting includes high-key and low-key. High key appears almost in the middle visible horizontal line starting from the middle of the building moving towards its right side. Low key value appears on the waves, the clouds, the rocks and the mountains. Together, the high-key and low-key values make a strong contrast as is visible At first sight of the painting. In this painting, space is obviously noticeable. The front houses overlap the other house and the big mountain behind the house overlaps the other mountain. The rocks as well overlap each other. In addition, the shading in the waves and the clouds indicate space, different sizes, and positions of the buildings, the rocks and the mountains. The perspective of this painting indicates space too as it appears as atmospheric view in this painting. In this painting, colors appear natural. Appearing in this painting, some of the natural colors is blue(on the waves) and green(on the mountain top). Some parts of the waves have a tint of blue making them look lighter than blue whereas, some parts of the waves have

Technological Advancements in Urinalysis Research Paper

Technological Advancements in Urinalysis - Research Paper Example However, with time, the analysis of urine became exaggerated, such that it violated the privacy and dignity of the patients, resulting in the advancement where urine testing progressed to the use of urine only, without the presence of the patient like was happening before. In the ancient times, the tests of urine were used as the primary method of determining the state of human health. This has progressively changed with the advancement in medicine, such that currently, the analysis of urine is only used to diagnose certain medical conditions only (Armstrong, 2007). Â  The history of urine analysis indicates that at around 4000 BC, urine was used to test the medical condition that is referred in modern-day urinalysis as diabetes, through putting some urine of different patients on the ants path, such that the ants would be attracted to the sweet urine, which would indicate that the patient was suffering from a certain health anomaly (Diamandopoulos & Actuarius, 2001). Later at around the second century, the testing of urine changed to the practical observation of the patients urine condition at around the fourth century, (460–355 BC) where the urine was observed for bubble components and if the bubbles were found to be present in large numbers, then the patient was declared to be suffering from a kidney disorder (Armstrong, 2007). However, it is not until six centuries later, at around (AD 129–200), when the accuracy of urinalysis was attained, with the first description of urine, not as a residual of body tissues, but as a residu al and filtrate of blood, by Galen, a Roman scientist (Armstrong, 2007). Galen made the testing of urine more specific to certain medical conditions, by observing different anomalies in urine production and then relating quantities of urine produced to different medical conditions.

Enterprise ebusiness strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Enterprise ebusiness strategy - Essay Example This will also ensure attendant benefits for the economy. The main impediment to the takeoff of B2B in the today's world is inadequate information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure, as well as shortcomings in physical infrastructure, logistics and trade facilitation. A rapid growth in both e-commerce and Internet use is expected to continue. This applies especially in context to the developing world with low penetration rates. Internet use recorded a growth of 30% in 2001. It should be noted here that one third of all new users belong to the developing world. E-commerce is increasing in these countries at a very slow rate especially in the case of B2B comprising around 95% of all e-commerce. Source: PRESS RELEASE, 18 November 2002. TAD/INF/PR65. GOOD PROSPECTS FOR IT INDUSTRY IN 2003, PREDICTS UNCTAD; Developing world looks to e-business for growth. Asia Pacific Network Information Centre. Official website. Disintermediation is defined as the removal of intermediaries in a supply chain in terms of economics: "cutting out the middleman". companies may now deal with every customer directly like through the Internet instead of using traditional distribution channels having some type of intermediate like a distributor, wholesaler, broker, or agent. Drop in the cost of servicing customers directly is the most important feature. Disintermediation is the result of high market transparency where the buyers are aware of supply prices direct from the manufacturer. Buyers bypass all the middlemen like the wholesalers and retailers in order to buy directly from the manufacturer and thereby paying less money. Buyers can also select to purchase from wholesalers. A B2C intermediary functions as the bridge between buyer and manufacturer. A typical B2C supply chain is composed of four or five entities (in order): Supplier Manufacturer Wholesaler Retailer Buyer Source: wikipedia. Disintermediation. Review on an article on backend EC integration All enterprises are lining up into virtual alliances in order to remain competitive in the globalizing markets. Virtual enterprises constitute location-independent association of financial institutions, industrialist and many more aimed towards a shared goal. These networked organizations do integrate their value chain to enhance the customer-perceived added-value while sharing their resources in a more efficient way then ever. The paper by Ralf Reussner is entitled as Enhanced Component Interfaces to Support Dynamic Adaption and Extension. A new interface model for software components is presented in this paper that not only specifies static information but also semantic applicability information in order to ensure non-conflicting run-time behavior and to facilitate component adaptation. The paper by Niels Christian Jul compares two E-Commerce servers, IBM's NetCommerce and Microsoft's Site Server Commerce based on a B2B case study. It emphasizes on the integration of the servers

Compare and contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast Essay People are always looking forward to their vacation period. There are many options where to choose. I think that the three most common places people choose for taking a vacation are the beach, mountain, and an amusement park. All three places offer a variety of fun activities. The beach offers activities that the mountain or amusement park cannot offer and vice versa. All three places are totally different. The purpose of this essay is to contrast the climate, types of activities and locations of beaches, mountains, and amusement parks. First of all, the three aspects I’m going to discuss about the mountains are climate, types of activities and location. Climate is always important in order to enjoy vacations. If a person dislikes cold weather, he or she might have a hard time in the mountains. The cold climate in the mountains is the first barrier to enjoying them. As I said before, many people don’t enjoy cold temperatures. The climate and the temperature of these zones are what determine the types of activities they offer. Snowboarding, mountain climbing, mountain biking, hiking, and skiing are some of the activities people can enjoy when going to the mountains. There are many regions that have mountains where people can go and have a great vacation. Canada is a country located in North America and full of mountain vacation sites. Inside Canada there are many interesting places where people can go and have fun. Second of all, the three aspects I’m going to discuss about the beach are climate, types of activities and location. Warm climate is one of the most important features that the beach has. Sun and fun are two words that describe the beach. The temperature in those places is always hot. The sea and the warm climate determine the activities that are available at the beach. People can swim, play volleyball, play soccer, and ride water bikes. In most of the coastal sites, there are discos and restaurants where people can dance or party throughout the night. Mexico offers many amazing coastal sites to visit. Acapulco and Cancun are two of the most beautiful and famous beaches in the world. Last but not the least, the three aspects I’m going to discuss about amusement parks are climate, types of activities and location. The climate for an amusement park is almost always hot. If a person doesn’t want to go home with sun burns then the amusement park would not be the place for them. Finally, it doesn’t matter what place a person decides to choose. The fun is 100% guaranteed. People often choose one of these three options to spend their vacations. Depending on what the person likes is what he or she will choose. I like amusement parks better than the mountains or the beach, but sometimes it is better to take a risk and try different places to enjoy.

Terror Management Account of Conspicuous Consumption

Terror Management Account of Conspicuous Consumption Abstract The motivation behind this part is to clarify the mental underpinnings of the obvious utilization from the viewpoint of dread administration hypothesis. Our fundamental proposal is that prominent utilization is an immediate consequence of the extraordinary human consciousness of mortality and the quest for self-esteem and passing amazing quality that this mindfulness causes. In spite of the fact that it is anything but difficult to study contemporary American cases of avarice and indulgence, given the long and broad mankinds history of unwarranted utilization, we cant credit it to the impact of present-day private enterprise or corporate culture; rather, it is a result of essential all inclusive needs. Without a doubt, we contend that if contemporary people are all the more extremely inefficient, it is fundamentally as a result of present day innovation instead of due to any new social or mental improvements. We exhibit authentic and observational confirmation in support of our dread administration clarification of consumerism. At last, we consider what may be done to encourage life-maintaining utilization, stripped of the harmful, psychopathological craving for endless measures of pointless stuff that undermines human bliss and debilitates the very presence of the human species by contaminating and exhausting the regular assets whereupon our survival, at last, depends on. A TERROR MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT OF CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION Modern man is drinking and drugging himself out of awareness, or he spends his time shopping, which is the same thing †¢ Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death Authors main claim? The Authors main claim is that the human awareness of death and the potentially overwhelming existential anxiety, it engenders motivates people to imbue life with meaning and derive self-esteem from cultural beliefs about the nature of reality. That concern about mortality play a pervasive role in human affairs, and suggests that people construct cultural worldviews in order to manage the terror engendered by the human awareness of death. What are the reasons the author gives for his/her main claim? 1. The virtues of materialistic consumption are deeply woven into the very fabric of human culture. 2. The human desire for money and materials indicates that rationality is not the sole factor that drives consumption behavior. What evidence does the author give for each claim you identified above? Evidence might include examples, statistical data, interview responses, or theoretical application. Evidence 1 : Business communities worried, because of the magnitude and impact of the terror attack on sep 11, that the incident would initiate a recession in the United States.Americans bought homes and cars in record quantities. They also snapped up appliances, furniture, and electronic gadgets. From October through December, consumption soared at 6% annual rate.Although exercising ones credit cards in the wake of these catastrophic reminders of vulnerability and mortality may in some ways seem surprising, such behavior follows predictably from the perspective of terror management theory. Evidence 2 : Spending eternity in a heavenly afterlife is a quaint and attractive prospect (e.g., Islamic Jihads Sheik Abdulla Shamnis 1995 [reported by Abu-Nasr, 1995, p. 1A] descrip ­tion of heaven as a world of castles, flowing rivers, and lush fields where the blessed can eat the most delicious food, the most luscious fruits and the tenderest cuts of meat), but ultimately intangible and empirically uncertain, whereas large piles of gold, enormous mounds of possessions, and lavish con ­sumption is ineluctably real and symbolically indicative of immortal power. The notion that the urge to splurge is fundamentally a defensive death denial above and beyond the quite legitimate pursuit of material comfort and aes ­thetic pleasure is supported by both the historical record and contemporary empirical research. Evidence 3: Roheim (1934) found that the primary motive for acquiring money and possessions in virtually all known tribal cultures is ulti ¬mately symbolic and ceremonial, in the service of gaining and maintaining prestige, and has little to do with money as a rational medium of exchange of goods and services. Do you agree with the author? Why or why not? Explain in 4-6 sentences. Yes, I agree with the author because in this world human behavior is directly or indirectly related to consumption ,yet our consumption behavior is not based solely on our physical survival needs despite it takes lot of time and effort to make money to be extravagant and lavish and you hardly find any time to think of death and practice measures to deny it. References Solomon, S., Greenberg, J. Pyszczynski, T.A. (2003). Lethal consumption: Death-denying materialism http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811019999 https://www.scribd.com/document/197728014/LETHAL-CONSUMPTION-DEATH-DENYING-MATERIALISM https://bradleyallsop2.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/death-denying-our-defining-feature/

Various stages in outsourcing

Various stages in outsourcing Various Stages in Outsourcing The companies have many processes that have to be integrated while manufacturing, selling, buying, customer sourcing etc.   It has to decide on what level it has to outsource so as to be a profitable organization. It has to identify analyze and maximize outsourcing opportunities. The stages for outsourcing can be different for different customers but the The outsourcing process can be put into three phases: (these stages have been put out after going through how many companies decide to outsource Analysis Stage perations stage Implementation stage model by author Analysis Stage(ch.2 pg 33. Decision to outsource book: black book of outsourcing) There are various decisions that the company has to make while thinking of outsourcing. One of the biggest questions that arises in the mind of the company is to make or buy the required service or product for the company. The company mostly uses cost benefit analysis with the help of the make or buy model to come to a conclusion whether to buy or make. The analysis stage acts as foundation stone where the company decides if it wants to outsource its function or not. The model helps us understand whether the company wants to make or buy. Its possible that they get into joint venture, subsidiaries or allied services could be obtained.   It depends on the cost analysis that the company decides mostly on what they want for their business. Comparative analysis of the make or buy decision is regarded the highest degree of analysis for taking such a step. The company has then to scan all the places where they could get service providers for their company for outsourcing. For example: If a company like S.Oliver in Germany wants to see where it can get the cheapest labour and manufacturers for their apparel the have many South Asian countries that they can depend on as their main concern for cost is labour and that is the cheapest in the countries down Asia. There are various political hassles that happen when the company wants to enter and obtain services from another country. The company would always like to enter a country that is politically stable and does not create any problems for them to setup and establish their roots. The make decision will involve the company to look at the economy of the countries that they want to outsource. The economy should be stable and should not be better than the companys own country or there is no point in outsourcing. The company would like to look at the cost and also if there are future potential to sell in the same country the products that they are making. The main infulncers in this category will be the GDP and the per capita income of the people. Operations Stage At the operations stage the company will identify and shortlist the service providers and negotiate the terms and conditions with them. The company will undergo this process with various service providers so that they can get the best deal out of the minimum problems. The company will then select some service providers that the company feels would be the most profitable. The company will negotiate the terms and conditions and keep the format clear on what they are looking for and what is the way the payments would be made the staff the operational strategies, raw materials, etc The most important thing that arises while coming to outsourcing is the communication or logistics channel that the company wishes to use for outsourcing. For e.g. S. Oliver has to ship back its apparel from India to Germany to get the apparel checked and branded if they are made as per the requirements. So for such process the cost of logistics and operations are also looked for if the it works out cheaper for the company to outsource its services to other countries. Implementation Stage This stage is the most important and the most difficult stage. The company have to send across managers and consultants to actually implement the business process and design how they actually want the production to go on. The company lays down the framework in place and puts the integration process right. Construction of the business is setup the communication lines are setup, the total integration of all the businesses together. This stage will determine the future flow of the business. The company can also run a simulated run so that they will come to what all flaws are there and they can improve it later. Advantages, Benefits and Opportunities There are various advantages of outsourcing; some of them are listed below: Outsourcing can save money Economies of scale can save money for the service providers can produce in large volumes because they get orders from multiple companies and the volumes are high. The pharmaceuticals industry can be used to illustrate economies of scale in relationships. Clinical trials of experimental drugs require just the right patients healthy in most all respects but the one indication being treated, and willing to submit themselves to experimentation. It takes a significant investment of time and money to develop relationships with the hospitals and clinicians (and the triage nurses in their emergency rooms) that supply patients for the trials. Clinical trials also require just the right medical investigators doctors and medical researchers who are well respected in their industries. Again, it takes size to attract the best investigators. The most sought-after investigators look for organizations that can supply them with interesting and publishable research projects and with support services (such as data collection and well-managed processes) that make their jobs easier and their results more reliable. And so a lucrative outsourcing industry has evolved to manage clinical trials of experimental drugs for pharmaceutical companies. [The author thanks Patricia Seymour, Covance Biotechnology Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, for this case study.] Outsourcing allows concentration on core business The company has to also to concentrate on its back office activities by outsourcing such activities to other companies the company can avail benefits of concentrating on core business activities. For e.g. A company in has to look after large purchasing orders in a short span of time for its increase in volumes of production, it can outsource its purchasing process to some service provider and thus concentrate on its core business activities. Technology advantage at lower rates The company can avail http://www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/make-buy-decisions http://www.sourcingmag.com/content/c051011a.asp